• 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome.
• 1422 - Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
• 1520 - The Spaniards are expelled from Tenochtitlan.
• 1559 - King Henry II of France is seriously injured in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.
• 1651 - The Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.
• 1688 - The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, beginning the struggle for English independence from Rome which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
• 1758 - Seven Years' War: Battle of Domstadtl.
• 1805 - The U.S. Congress organizes Michigan Territory.
• 1859 - French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• 1860 - Historic debate about evolution at the Oxford University Museum.
• 1864 - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation."
• 1882 - Charles Guiteau hanged in Washington, DC for the shooting death of President James Garfield.
• 1886 - The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4 of the same year.
• 1905 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", where he introduces special relativity.
• 1906 - The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• 1908 - The Tunguska impact event occurs in Siberia.
• 1912 - The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event.
• 1921 - U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft chief justice of the United States.
• 1934 - The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1935 - The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its first congress.
• 1944 - The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1953 - The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
• 1956 - A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 (Flight 718) collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States, killing all 128 on the two planes.
• 1960 - Congo gains independence from Belgium.
• 1963 - Ciaculli massacre: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police and military officers near Palermo.
• 1968 - Solemni hac liturgia by Pope Paul VI
• 1969 - Nigeria bans Red Cross aid to Biafra.
• 1971 - The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
• 1971 - Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, lowering the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
• 1972 - +1 leap second was added to the UTC time system.
• 1977 - Virginia Wade wins the Ladies Singles title at Wimbledon, the last British champion at the All England Club to date.
• 1985 - Thirty-nine American hostages from a hijacked TWA jetliner are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
• 1986 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
• 1987 - The Royal Canadian Mint introduces the $1 coin, known as the Loonie
• 1988 - French archbishop Marcel Lefebvre is excommunicated by the Catholic church.
• 1990 - East and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1992 - Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher joins the House of Lords as Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven.
• 1997 - The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 2005 - Spain legalizes same-sex marriage.
• 2007 - A car crashes into Glasgow International Airport in Scotland, believed to be a terrorist attack.

Births